Figure-3. Flowchart to calculate vertical ice forces
4. Comparison of vertical ice forces when flooding conditions are present and absent
Figures-4, 5 and 6 show the relationship between K (=E/(1-υ2)) and Pf/Pn, where the ice force when flooding occurs is Pf, and the ice force when flooding does not occur is Pn. Pf/Pn, was calculated when Poisson's ratio,υis 1/3 and K is 5,000-100,000 (Young's modulus, E≒4,000-90,000kgf/cm 2).
The results of these calculations showed that Pf/Pn was 1 or under in every calculation and that Pf/Pn tended to slightly increase as K increased. When the radius of a pile and the ice thickness were constant, Pf/Pn, decreased as the fluctuation in the water level increased. When the radius of a pile and the fluctuation in the water level were constant, Pf/Pn decreased as the ice thickness decreased. Also, when the ice thickness and the fluctuation in the water level were constant, Pf/Pn tended to decrease as theradius of the pile increased. However, because the difference was small, Pf/Pn did not seem to be greatly dependent on the pile radius.
Figure4. Results of the calculation of vertical ice forces
(Δ = fluctuations in water level)
Figure-5. Results of the calculation of vertical ice forces
(h = ice thickness)
Figure-6. Results of the calculation of vertical ice forces
